The promulgation of Gaudium et Spes at the Second Vatican Council marked a decisive turning-point for Catholic Social Teaching. The theological basis for Church-world relationship and the theological-moral perspective on practical social questions articulated in it indicated the normative direction for the social mission of the Church and the development of Catholic Social Teaching after the Council. The publication of Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church by the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace almost forty years after Gaudium et Spes, constitutes an important phase within the post-conciliar development of Catholic Social Teaching. The present book investigates into whether or not the synthesis articulated in the Compendium on the social identity, mission and teachings of the Church remains faithful to the fundamental vision of Gaudium et Spes, even as it is called to contribute to the on-going development of Catholic Social Teaching.